Cycling cities: Mode choice, car congestion, and urban structure

This study examines the impact of cycling on urban spatial structure and welfare through the development of a quantitative spatial model that incorporates mode choice and car congestion. We apply this model to the Netherlands, which is known for its extensive cycling infrastructure. Eliminating cycling increases commuting times and distances by 14% and 30%, respectively, exacerbates car congestion, and results in a significant reduction in worker welfare.