Publications

The economy is expected to grow by 0.7% in 2023 and 1.4% in 2024. After falling sharply, purchasing power is set to recover by 1.9% in 2024 due to wage growth. Without supplementary policy measures, the number of people in poverty is expected to rise to 5.7% of the population and 7% of children in 2024. →

In our new study we find that strengthening insolvency law increases the amount of long-term debt, as a percentage of total assets, on firms’ balance sheets in Europe. →

European companies heavily rely on bank credit to finance their operations and investments. Therefore, it is crucial for banks to take risks on corporate loans, although excessive risk-taking can have negative... →

Students from lower income families are entitled to apply for a student grant. Not all entitled students do so. We estimate the non-take-up rate of the need-based student grant in the Netherlands and investigate which student characteristics correlate with the non-take-up. →

We introduce two novel tools to enhance our understanding of international trade. Through the trade cost index, we compute the complete trade costs within a value chain. With the new gravity model that also incorporates... →

Firms face various trade costs that affect their international competitiveness. These include not only direct tariffs on imports and exports but also less obvious indirect tariffs imposed at different points in the... →

The CPB World Trade Monitor (WTM) is an instrument for bringing together, aggregating, and summarizing worldwide monthly data on international trade and industrial production. Its purpose is to report monthly... →

Firms have absorbed the higher costs for gas and electricity with energy savings and price increases for customers. The higher energy prices are expected to lead to only a limited number of additional loss-making firms. →

Entrepreneurs seem to be adapting their business operations to climate policy. There is little to no evidence that climate policy has depressed the profit, productivity or turnover of an average industrial firm. →

The dip in productivity growth in 2020 was followed by a strong recovery in 2021. As in most years, the growth in labour productivity in 2021 is mainly driven by the growth in Total Factor Productivity (TFP).... →