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Safe assets, assets with low risk and high liquidity, are the cornerstone for modern financial systems. The biggest holders of safe assets are banks, which need to hold safe assets to meet capital and liquidity requirements. Safe assets also provide high-quality, liquid collateral for banks’ repo transactions. Besides, safe assets provide benchmarks for the price formation of other financial assets. →

In dit CPB Achtergronddocument bij de Risicorapportage financiële markten 2018 gaan we nader in op recente ontwikkelingen op de Nederlandse woningmarkt. Speciale aandacht gaat uit naar de factoren die huizenprijzen op de korte en lange termijn verklaren en naar de vraag of oververhitting en bubbels wel vooraf te meten en te bepalen zijn. →

This publication discusses the need for an EMU banking union and describes three possible transition scenarios. This is a translation of chapter 4 of the Dutch publication. →

This CPB Background Document provides details of the simulations of shocks to the capital position of banks in the EMU that underpins the Financial Risk Report 2018 of the CPB. This involves investigating the potential impact of two legacy problems on the capital position of banks. These problems are the high amount of government debt, especially in Italy, and the high level of non-performing loans on banks’ balance sheets. →

How effective are unconventional monetary policies? Through which mechanisms do they work? This discussion paper contains a detailed presentation of the new scientific evidence we reported in the policy brief, and adds to the relatively scarce literature in this field. →

In this paper we investigate whether the targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTRO) and the asset purchase program (APP) led to lower interest rates on new corporate credit, and whether the signalling channel and the capital relief channel played any role in the transmission of these ECB policies. →

The main purpose of this document is to assess the financial situation of non-financial firms. In particular, the document provides answers to two questions. Are there financial fragilities in Dutch non-financial firms? If yes, for which particular type of firms? →

This paper presents empirical evidence of both the determinants and the adjustment speed of capital structure of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Netherlands. →

Governments, when designing support for venture capital financing, face a choice to either sponsor existing private VC funds or organize and manage their own public VC funds. →

The question is no longer if, but when and how unconventional monetary policy will be phased out. The undoing of the unconventional policies will affect European economies, just as their build up stimulated the euro area economy. →