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June 24, 2021
The Child Penalty in the Netherlands and its Determinants
We find that while child care availability is correlated with lower child penalty, the immediate short-term causal effect of increasing child care availability on the earnings penalty of becoming a mother is small. By taking advantage of variation in gender norms in different population groups, we show that gender norms are strongly correlated with child penalty for mothers. →
![A family in the Netherlands A family in the Netherlands](https://www.cpb.nl/sites/default/files/omnidownload/jong-gezin-in-sloep-740x420.jpg)