Publications


December 7, 2023

An economic analysis of the TOZO, the Dutch support scheme for self-employed during COVID-19

The Temporary Support Scheme for Self-Employed Persons (Tozo) supported self-employed entrepreneurs during the coronavirus crisis. This is the conclusion from a CPB study.

hairdresser in corona
March 1, 2023

Predicting Firm Exits with Machine Learning: Implications for Selection into COVID-19 Support and Productivity Growth

In this paper, we use machine learning techniques to predict whether a company would have left the market in a world without corona. These predictions show that unhealthy companies applied for support less often than healthy companies. But we also show that the COVID-19 support has prevented most exits among unhealthy companies. This indicates that the corona support measures have had a negative impact on productivity growth.

Corona
January 13, 2022

How far Do gazelles run? Growth Patterns of Regular Firms, High Growth Firms and Startups

High growth firms receive a lot attention from policy. In many countries, policies to stimulate economic growth target startups -- loosely defined as young firms that often rely on new technology to develop scaleable...

March 5, 2021

Homeowners have easier and cheaper access to business credit

Banks often demand collateral for business loans. Apart from business assets, for many small entrepreneurs their own home is the most important security they can offer. The interaction between the housing market and...

Houses 740x420
June 2, 2020

A stress test of Dutch SMEs

This background document to CPB’s Financial Stability Report provides policymakers with an initial assessment of the effects of the corona crisis on the liquidity position of Dutch SMEs and its impact on their...

June 5, 2018

How do the Dutch Finance their Own House? – Descriptive Evidence from Administrative Data

We investigate the major financing components which are used to purchase a house in the Netherlands. This is important to shed more light on the effects of changing lending norms. We look at the full universe of housing transactions in the Netherlands by making use of administrative data from Statistics Netherlands (CBS) for the period 2006-2014.

May 29, 2018

Towards an EMU banking union: three scenarios

This publication discusses the need for an EMU banking union and describes three possible transition scenarios. This is a translation of chapter 4 of the Dutch publication.

May 12, 2017

Collateral Damage? Decreasing House Prices and Entrepreneurial Lending

We study the effect of housing collateral on entrepreneurial lending in the Netherlands. This residential collateral channel is especially relevant for sole proprietors for whom there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business.

March 16, 2017

Negative home equity and job mobility

We investigate the impact of negative home equity on job mobility. Panel fixed effects estimation is carried out by making use of Dutch administrative panel in the period 2006-2011.